Aim: To analyse the functioning of emergency medical systems in selected European Union (EU) countries based on an original survey, with emphasis on the role, capabilities, and cooperation models of fire services in pre-hospital emergency care. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 26 EU countries between July and August 2022. Responses were obtained from Belgium, Latvia, Italy, Czech Republic, Malta, Slovenia, Austria, and Denmark. A study visit to Romania provided additional insights. Due to incomplete and inconsistent responses, the findings were analysed qualitatively. Results: Belgium is the only responding country where ambulances operate within the fire service structure. Other countries maintain separate EMS systems but cooperate operationally with fire services. While equipment standards are nationally unified in most systems, training, competencies, and deployment policies differ. Conclusions: Belgium’s integrated fire-medical model shows that with central coordination, clear division of responsibilities, and joint training, overall system efficiency and resilience can be improved. Such measures could enhance response times, optimise resource use, and strengthen preparedness for mass-casualty incidents or national emergencies.
Kubiak et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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