Thermocouple dynamic characteristics compensation based on improved equilibrium optimizer algorithm

In transient high-temperature measurement, thermocouples often exhibit poor accuracy due to insufficient dynamic response. To address this issue, this study proposes a thermocouple dynamic characteristic compensation method based on an Improved Equilibrium Optimizer algorithm. The EO algorithm is enhanced by introducing good point set-based population initialization and dynamic weighting factors, aiming to improve the dynamic performance of thermocouples. Experiments were conducted using a high-temperature furnace platform, and the compensation results demonstrated that the thermocouple time constant was reduced from 21.31 to 1.72 s, with a 92% improvement in dynamic response speed. In addition, the cutoff frequency was increased from 0.982 to 12.87 Hz, expanding the operating bandwidth by 13.1 times. After compensation, thermocouples with short exposed junctions also achieved superior dynamic characteristics. This work enables accurate temperature measurement under extreme environments using short-exposed thermocouples.