Risks and Threats of Applying Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Criminal Justice

Modern criminal justice faces new challenges due to digitalization and the potential implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Despite their potential to enhance the efficiency of criminal justice, these technologies pose risks and threats to the fundamental principles of criminal procedure, such as fairness, transparency, adversarial proceedings, and judicial independence. Special attention is given to the opacity of AI algorithms, which may undermine trust in the justice system. Furthermore, the lack of a clear regulatory framework for the use of AI creates additional legal risks for participants in criminal proceedings. The study aims to identify the risks and threats of integrating AI into criminal justice and to develop recommendations for establishing a risk management system. The goals include detection challenges arising from the digital transformation of criminal procedural activities, study of regulatory frameworks governing the digitalization of public administration, assessing the compatibility of AI technologies with traditional principles of criminal procedure, and proposing measures to mitigate risks. The study employs a risk-oriented approach, which involves risk identification, analysis, and management. The authors categorize risks into several types: geopolitical, infrastructural, operational, project-related, information security, and legal risks. The methods used include analysis of regulatory frameworks, forecasting, and a systematic approach to integrating AI into criminal justice. The study outlines the stages of creating a risk management system, including planning, identification, analysis, and management. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for a legal framework to regulate the use of AI technologies in criminal proceedings and highlights the importance of establishing a system to monitor, prevent, and manage risks. Such a system would facilitate the effective integration of new technologies while preserving the fundamental principles of criminal justice. In this context, enhancing the transparency of the criminal justice system and defining a core risk management strategy are of particular urgency and significance.