A novel interleaved TMS-MRS approach with standard MRI hardware

Key Points

• Neurochemical changes were detected during stimulation in TRD patients, highlighting a novel interleaved approach.
• The study shows the feasibility of using standard MRI hardware for in-vivo detection of neurochemical changes.
• Analysis employs interleaved TMS-MRS to explore excitatory/inhibitory balance and neuronal metabolism during treatment.
• This new method may enable further understanding of treatment mechanisms in patients with treatment-resistant depression.