The present work examines the interaction between granular flow and cylindrical obstacles. The experiments are conducted on an inclined chute where single or two cylinders are positioned at varying distances, with load cells to calculate drag forces and visualize shock wave behavior under different chute inclinations. The flow field is analyzed with high-resolution cameras and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) software, which enables precise tracking and measurement of flow patterns. When the grains interact with the cylinders, shock waves are produced on the upstream side, creating a grain-free zone in the downstream area. Additionally, the study investigates shock wave structures generated by both single and dual-cylinder configurations, revealing interesting patterns of shock-shock interactions and unique drag characteristics. This research addresses the formation of diffuse and bow shocks and explores how variables like chute inclination angle and Froude number influence the shock waves and drag forces. Drag measurements are obtained using a load cell mechanism.
Das et al. (Mon,) studied this question.