Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995) centered his philosophical work on the human dimension, particularly in relation to the Other. This marked a departure from the traditional philosophical focus on the self and abstract existence. Levinas introduced a significant shift in philosophical discourse by grounding ethics in the relationship with the Other, emphasizing existence as fundamentally relational. He highlighted concepts such as solidarity, friendship, and love, placing ethical responsibility at the core of the self-Other relationship and rejecting the exclusion of the diverse Other. Accordingly, he consistently affirmed coexistence with the Other, even in the face of denial or attempts to negate their presence.
Achouak Khanous (Mon,) studied this question.