Vitamins have multiple potentials in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and bone regeneration, but their clinical application needs to consider individual differences, bioavailability and synergistic effects. Vitamins D and C emerge as the most critically supported micronutrients for adjunctive periodontitis management. For clinical practitioners, ensuring patients' adequacy in vitamin D is paramount for its immunomodulatory and bone-stabilising benefits, while vitamin C supplementation is strongly indicated for its antioxidant capacity and role in collagen synthesis. While vitamins K, A, and E show promising mechanistic roles, their routine supplementation requires more targeted evidence. Clinical application must consider individual nutritional status, bioavailability, and synergistic effects within a precision nutrition strategy. In the future, it is necessary to combine precision nutrition strategies and clinical validation to promote the transformation of vitamins from basic research to personalised treatment.
Wang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.