What question did this study set out to answer?

To describe the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in children pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.

January 14, 2026Open Access

P-436. Epidemiology of Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in an Inner-City Tertiary Care Center: A 13-Year Study and Post-Pandemic Insights

Key Points

To describe the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in children pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Retrospective chart review of patients ≤21 years of age admitted between January 2010 & February 2024
Categorized patients into pre-pandemic and pandemic/post-pandemic groups
143 cases were included in the analysis
IPD incidence decreased during the pandemic but increased from 0.6-0.8 to 1.7 per 1,000 admissions in 2022
The proportion of unimmunized children increased significantly in the post-pandemic period

Abstract

Abstract Background Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. While global IPD incidence declined during the COVID-19 pandemic due to mitigation measures, a resurgence followed the relaxation of these interventions. The primary objective is to describe the epidemiology of IPD at Children hospital, Detroit before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, including clinical manifestations, microbiology, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective chart review of IPD patients ≤21 years of age admitted between January 2010 88 (61.5%) were males. 77 (53.8%) were previously healthy and 10 (6.9%) had sickle cell disease. Bacteremia (n=117, 82%) and complicated pneumonia (n=37, 25.9%) were the most common presentations. High susceptibility was observed for ceftriaxone (n=95/98, 97%) and penicillin (n=90/100, 90%) in non-meningitis isolates. However, susceptibilities were lower for ceftriaxone (18/22, 82%) and penicillin (15/22, 68%) in meningitis isolates. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed in 11/143 (7.7%) cases; 63.6% were non PCV-13 vaccine serotypes. Low pneumococcal titers were found in 19/37 (51%) tested; 15/19 (79 %) were fully immunized. Titers for PCV7/PCV13 vaccine serotypes were low despite vaccinations. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two periods regarding age, gender, or clinical presentation (p= 0.05). However, the proportion of unimmunized children increased significantly in the post-pandemic period (n=8/43, 18.6%) compared to pre-pandemic period (n=2/49, 4.1%; p=0.04). Conclusion IPD incidence increased significantly post-pandemic, potentially due to decreased vaccination rates during the pandemic/post pandemic period. Recognizing these epidemiological shifts and addressing vaccination gaps with use of updated vaccine are critical to preventing future IPD outbreaks. Disclosures Jocelyn Y. Ang, MD, astellas: Honoraria|astellas: speaker bureau|Eli Lilly and Company: Grant/Research Support|F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Honoraria

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Cite This Study

Habbal et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6966e72c13bf7a6f02bff9f4 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf695.652

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