Unpacking socio-cultural barriers to stunting prevention: a phenomenological inquiry into policy and community challenges

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, and sociocultural barriers hinder policy effectiveness. This study explored these barriers using a phenomenological approach, analyzing the lived experiences of mothers, health workers, and policymakers in Samosir Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 mothers of stunted children and focus group discussions with twelve key stakeholders. Findings revealed psychological resistance to the stunting label, social stigma, gender disparities, reliance on traditional health practices, and economic constraints limiting access to nutrition. These factors create a disconnect between national policies and local realities, reducing intervention effectiveness. This study highlights the need for culturally sensitive, community-driven public health strategies that integrate local beliefs with evidence-based interventions. The findings provide critical insights for policymakers to develop inclusive, context-specific, and stunting prevention strategies within broader social and infrastructure policies. Future research should evaluate integrated policy innovations on long-term nutritional outcomes.