What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to compare the efficiency of three different archwires for initial dental alignment.

February 2, 2026

Comparison of Efficacy and Rate of Alignment using Three Different Arch wires: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Key Points

The aim is to compare the efficiency of three different archwires for initial dental alignment.
Conducted a randomized controlled trial in 33 patients with specific dentition criteria.
Patients received one of three archwires: NiTi, CuNiTi, or Gummetal.
Measurements were taken at baseline and four follow-ups over three weeks.
Data was analyzed using SPSS with repeated measures ANOVA and other statistical tests.
All archwire groups showed significant reduction in Little’s Irregularity Index.
Intercanine width increased significantly in all groups.
Only CuNiTi and Gummetal showed significant changes in intermolar width.
No significant differences among groups for alignment metrics.

Abstract

Aim: To compare the rate and efficiency of Niobium-Titanium-Tantalum Zirconium archwire (Gummetal), Copper Nickel Titanium archwire (CuNiTi) and conventional nickel titanium archwire (NiTi) on initial alignment. Materials And Methods: A single-center randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 33 fully erupted dentition patients and Little’s Irregularity Index (LII) >2 mm. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups (n=11 each) treated with 0.014-inch NiTi, CuNiTi, or Gummetal archwires. Impressions were taken at baseline (T0) and at 3-week intervals for 4 times (T1–T4). LII, Intercanine width (ICW) and intermolar width (IMW) were measured and analyzed using SPSS v20.0 with Repeated Measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc, and Chi-square tests with p value <0.05 as statistical significance. Results: All groups showed statistically significant reduction in LII from T0 to T4 (p<0.001). Group 1 showed a decrease from 3.76±0.75 to 1.02±0.53, Group 2 from 3.74±0.64 to 0.90±0.25, and Group 3 from 3.04±0.59 to 1.33±0.66. ICW increased significantly in all groups: Group 1 from 25.93±2.86 to 26.58±2.78 (p<0.001), Group 2 from 25.59±2.68 to 26.64±2.76 (p < 0.001), and Group 3 from 25.79±2.86 to 26.52±2.83 (p=0.008). IMW changes were significant in Group 2 (40.76±2.66 to 41.11±2.63, p<0.001) and Group 3 (40.95±2.61 to 41.11±2.63, p<0.001), but not in Group 1 (41.01±2.64 to 41.08±2.62, p=0.136). Intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant difference in LII, ICW, or IMW (p≥0.051). Conclusions: CuNiTi and NiTi archwires were more effective in initial alignment and mild arch expansion than Gummetal, making them preferable for early orthodontic correction.

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