The rapid integration of smart city technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and 5G networks, is reshaping urban governance, public culture, and social dynamics worldwide. While these innovations promise enhanced efficiency, resource optimization, and citizen engagement, they also introduce profound ethical risks, such as data privacy violations, algorithmic biases, and exacerbated social inequalities. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, drawing on case studies, semi-structured interviews, and surveys from 500 residents across Singapore, Barcelona, and Dubai, to examine these dual impacts. Findings reveal that 70% of respondents perceive smart technologies as improving governance efficiency, yet 72% express concerns over data privacy and 60% over algorithmic bias. Socio-cultural transformations include increased digital participation (65%) but also rising social isolation (45%). The research contributes to urban studies by proposing an ethical governance framework that prioritizes inclusivity, transparency, and citizen involvement. Recommendations include adopting privacy-by-design principles and regular algorithmic audits to mitigate risks while harnessing opportunities for sustainable urban development.
Umutoni et al. (Sat,) studied this question.