Understanding Cardio-Oncology: A Survey-Based Study Conducted by the Heart Failure Association of the Polish Cardiac Society and the Polish Society of Clinical Oncology

Background: The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published the first guidelines on cardio-oncology in 2022. Implementing the 272 proposed recommendations into everyday clinical practice has become a mandatory challenge for countries belonging to the ESC community. Methods: The study aimed to assess cardio-oncology knowledge and the degree of implementation of ESC guidelines among cardiologists registered with the Heart Failure Association of the Polish Cardiac Society and oncologists from the Polish Society of Clinical Oncology. Physicians were invited via email and voluntarily chose to participate by completing a 20-question questionnaire. Results: Among the 104 respondents, half (50%) were cardiologists, and the majority (80%) had more than ten years of clinical experience. A total of 38.8% of specialists practiced outpatient medicine, while 41.7% worked in academic centres. The majority (58.3%) consult fewer than ten cardio-oncology patients per week, with less than 8% of specialists having the greatest experience (>25 consultations per week). Most physicians were familiar with the ESC guidelines on cardio-oncology. Cardiologists more frequently indicated heart failure as the main problem in cancer patients (OR = 5.82; 95% CI: 2.08–16.22; p = 0.0007), ordered echocardiography and ECG together with cardiovascular risk factors control (OR = 4.01; 95% CI: 1.74–9.25; p = 0.001) during long-term follow-up, chose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEi/ARB) combined with calcium channel blocker (CCB) for treating hypertension (OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.56–9.75; p = 0.003), and rarely monitored lipid profile based on the type of cancer therapy (OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03–0.26; p = 0.000009). Oncologists more often observed cardiovascular issues in lung cancer (OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 1.58–9.05; p = 0.002), recognized venous thromboembolism as the most common problem in cardio-oncology (OR = 6.52; 95% CI: 2.7–15.73; p = 0.00002), opted for ACEI/ARB monotherapy in the management of high blood pressure (OR = 11.76; 95% CI: 2.49–55.54; p = 0.002), and significantly more often chose low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of asymptomatic incidental pulmonary embolism (OR = 5.93; 95% CI: 2.47–14.24; p = 0.00006). Conclusions: The understanding of cardio-oncology varies significantly between cardiologists and oncologists. Although the survey was conducted only in one country (Poland), its results may serve as a reference point for structural reforms with building implementation strategies of ESC guidelines in daily practice in other countries.