Efficient solid waste management has become a major concern due to rapid urbanisation, population growth, and increasing environmental pollution. Conventional waste collection systems rely on fixed schedules and manual monitoring, often leading to overflowing bins, inefficient resource utilisation, and unhygienic conditions. Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) have enabled the development of smart dustbin systems capable of real-time garbage level detection, remote monitoring, and automated alert generation. This paper presents a systematic review of IoT-enabled smart dustbin and waste management systems with emphasis on sensing technologies, communication architectures, data processing platforms, and system scalability. Existing studies demonstrate that smart dustbin solutions significantly improve waste collection efficiency, reduce operational costs, and support data-driven decision-making in smart cities. However, challenges related to energy efficiency, communication reliability, scalability, and intelligent analytics remain open research issues. By critically analyzing recent literature, this review identifies research gaps and highlights future directions for sustainable and intelligent waste management infrastructures
Dsouza et al. (Fri,) studied this question.