What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to evaluate the effects of a foam rolling warm-up on ankle dorsiflexion and jumping performance in young rhythmic gymnasts.

February 12, 2026BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation0 citationsOpen Access

Effects of a 3-week foam rolling warm-up intervention on ankle dorsiflexion measurements and jumping performance in young rhythmic gymnasts

GBGiacomo BelmonteUniversity of Palermo APAntonino PattiUniversity of Palermo IMIrene Rosa Di MitriUniversity of Palermo

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate the effects of a foam rolling warm-up on ankle dorsiflexion and jumping performance in young rhythmic gymnasts.
Divided 26 young rhythmic gymnasts into foam rolling and control groups.
Measured ankle dorsiflexion and jump performance using sensors pre- and post-intervention.
Conducted evaluations using inertial and optical detection sensors.
Notable improvements in jump performance were observed in the foam rolling group after three weeks.
Significant increase in angular dorsiflexion velocity of the right ankle was recorded in the foam rolling group.
No significant changes in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were noted after the intervention.

Abstract

Abstract Background Few studies have analyzed the medium- to long-term effects of warm-up protocols on biomechanical and performance parameters in athletes. This study evaluated the effects of a 3-week foam rolling (FR) protocol integrated into the initial phase of the warm-up on ankle dorsiflexion parameters and jumping performance through the countermovement jump test (CMJ) in young rhythmic gymnasts. Methods Twenty-six female young rhythmic gymnasts who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study and were divided into the FR group ( n = 12; Age = 13.2 ± 2.59 years; Height = 152.3 ± 13.34 cm; Weight = 39.9 ± 11.22 kg) or the C (Control) group ( n = 14; Age = 13.4 ± 2.17 years; Height = 149.5 ± 13.33 cm; Weight = 40.6 ± 10.14 kg). An initial evaluation (T0) and an evaluation after the 3-week FR warm-up protocol were conducted. An inertial sensor was used to analyze ankle dorsiflexion using the following parameters: range of motion (ROM) (°), angular velocity (°/s), and fluency index (0–1). An optical detection sensor detected the jump height and flight time of the CMJ test. Results Significant differences were found between T0 and T1 in the FR group and between the FR group and the C group at T1. Significant between-subject interaction effects (F = 32.58; p < 0.001; ηp 2 = .576) and group-by-time interaction effects (F = 9.73; p < 0.01; ηp 2 = .288) were found. Specifically, significant enhancements in CMJ performance ( p < 0.001) and angular dorsiflexion velocity of the right ankle ( p < 0.05) were noted after the intervention in the FR group. Conclusions Our results suggest that a 3-week FR intervention incorporated into the warm-up routine of young rhythmic gymnasts led to an increase in jump performance, but not in ankle dorsiflexion ROM parameters. Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of warm-up on biomechanical parameters using longer FR protocols. Trial registration NCT07113249. Registration date: 02/08/2025.

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