© 2026 Jia Peng. All rights reserved. Aiming at the six core dilemmas of the Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) standard cosmological model: the unknown origin of dark energy, the unclear fate of dark matter, the cosmological constant problem, the lack of a natural source of negative energy, the cosmic coincidence problem, and the overgrowth problem of high-redshift supermassive black holes that cannot be explained by ΛCDM, this paper proposes for the first time a self-consistent black hole-mediated coupling model. The core hypothesis of the model is as follows: black holes are the only extreme celestial bodies in the universe that can trigger the conversion of dark matter; only by accreting dark matter can black holes synchronously produce diffuse dark energy and localized negative energy; the accretion of ordinary baryonic matter only contributes to the mass growth of black holes and does not trigger this conversion process. Based on the fundamental frameworks of general relativity and quantum field theory, this paper constructs the complete theoretical system of the model, clarifies the physical mechanism of the conversion process, strictly verifies the evolutionary feasibility of the model over the 13.8-billion-year cosmological time scale, and proves that it can accurately reproduce the currently observed cosmic energy component fractions. The model perfectly explains existing observational facts such as the onset of cosmic accelerated expansion, the homogeneity and non-dilution property of dark energy, and the co-evolution of black holes and dark matter halos. Meanwhile, it provides 5 falsifiable verification pathways with clear observational criteria, offering a brand-new original theoretical framework for the unified study of dark matter, dark energy and negative energy. This work is the original creation of Jia Peng, first published on Zenodo on 2026-02-15.
Jia Peng (Sun,) studied this question.