Enhanced d–p orbital hybridization accelerates two-step quasi-solid-state sulfur conversion in sodium–sulfur batteries

Key Points

• To investigate how d–p orbital hybridization affects sulfur conversion in sodium–sulfur batteries.
• Utilized Mo2C catalyst at the interface
• Examined changes in interfacial electronic structure
• Analyzed adsorption of sulfur intermediates and charge transfer processes
• Enhanced sulfur intermediate adsorption observed at the Mo2C interface
• Increased charge transfer efficiency noted after hybridization
• Demonstrated a faster two-step sulfur conversion pathway