In recent years, the increase of deaths caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the development of different ways to treat the infections. Biofilms are one of the main causes of drug resistance and thus chronic infectious disease. Focusing on new strategies to treat biofilm-associated infections is a priority. One of the modern methods of combating biofilms is the use of nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs). NDDSs act through various mechanisms including local delivery of antimicrobial compounds, damage to the structure and inhibition of biofilm formation, and persistence mechanisms. Therefore, continuous and controlled antimicrobial release and reduction of systemic side effects are among the advantages of using NDDSs against biofilms. In addition, NDDSs can be combined with other new technologies such as biosensors, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence, which increase their anti-biofilm effectiveness. In this review, we describe NDDSs as anti-biofilm agents. Also, we discussed current applications, challenges and future prospectives. • The use of nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) makes increasing local delivery of antimicrobial compounds and damage to the structure of biofilms. • Nanoliposomes, nano-micelles, polymeric, metal nanoparticle, magnetic and quatsomes NDDSs are the main types as anti-biofilm agents. • NDDS are useful for combating microbial biofilms that cause medical device-associated infections, chronic wound infections, dental plaque, and respiratory infections.
Mohsenipour et al. (Sun,) studied this question.