This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) examining the interrelationship between spatial attributes and women’s well-being in spa environments. Guided by the PRISMA framework, an initial pool of 114 peer-reviewed publications was screened, from which fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The review synthesizes findings into three core domains: spa pampering experiences, spatial design attributes, and dimensions of well-being. Key pampering experiences include self-care, relaxation, emotional regulation, and healthcare. Less frequent yet meaningful themes, such as spiritual reflection and identity formation, reveal symbolic and cultural significance. Spatial attributes, particularly atmosphere, nature, hygiene, and privacy, emerge as fundamental in shaping these experiences, supported by theories in environmental psychology and biophilic design. Emotional and physical well-being are the most frequently addressed outcomes, whereas spiritual and social well-being, although less represented, demonstrate high integrative value. A conceptual framework utilizing relational density analysis reveals a dual structure of dominant and hidden pathways that connect spatial design, user experience, and wellness outcomes. This study positions spas as therapeutic landscapes that foster holistic well-being beyond aesthetic indulgence. The findings provide practical guidance for spa designers and operators, establishing a theoretical basis for future research in gender-sensitive, culturally attuned wellness design.
Putri et al. (Fri,) studied this question.