ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate and characterize the subsurface geophysical signatures associated with 20th‐century interwar housing developments in the Koło district of Warsaw, Poland, to provide new insights into the area's social history. These were largely destroyed during World War II and were part of a broader national initiative to address homelessness and the severe housing shortages at the time. The study methods used archival records and remote sensing data to identify the survey site, which was a current public park, where traditional excavation was not feasible. A phased geophysical site survey was then used to create a frequency domain electromagnetic method (FDEM) grid, providing key information on spatial patterns of geophysical response potentially associated with building foundations and related infrastructure. Secondary Ground‐Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey profiles then provided higher resolution information on foundation positions, although the data were geophysically noisy. This non‐invasive approach supports the preservation of the site's integrity and deepens the understanding of Warsaw's urban history, contributing valuable information for future archaeological and historical studies. The findings highlight the effectiveness of combining multiple datasets in non‐invasive archaeological research, particularly in urban settings where traditional excavation is not feasible.
Czarny et al. (Fri,) studied this question.