The demand for flexible, efficient, and cost-effective motor control systems is paramount in modern industrial automation and smart applications. Conventional systems often rely on separate, wired controllers for AC and DC motors, leading to increased complexity, cost, and a lack of integration with modern wireless interfaces. This paper presents the design and implementation of a unified, microcontroller-based system for the wireless speed control of both a single-phase induction motor and a DC motor. The proposed system utilizes a single Arduino Uno microcontroller as the central processing unit, harmonizing the control of two distinct motor types into a single, compact architecture. Speed regulation for the 48V DC motor is achieved through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), where the Arduino generates a variable duty cycle signal to drive a power MOSFET (IRF540), enabling smooth and efficient voltage control. For the 230V single-phase induction motor, a TRIAC-based phase-angle control method is employed. This involves a zero-crossing detection circuit for synchronization and an opto-isolator (MOC3021) to safely trigger the TRIAC (BTA41), thereby varying the RMS voltage supplied to the motor. Wireless communication is facilitated via an HC-05 Bluetooth module, allowing real-time speed commands to be sent from a mobile application, which provides a user-friendly interface for motor selection and speed adjustment in discrete increments. Experimental results demonstrate the system's successful operation across a speed range of 0% to 100%. The DC motor achieved a maximum speed of 6680 RPM at 12V, while the induction motor reached 250 RPM at 180V, confirming effective control in both cases. The developed prototype proves to be a versatile, economical, and scalable solution, eliminating the need for multiple controllers. Its applications span industrial automation, HVAC systems, smart homes, and educational kits. The system also provides a foundational platform for future enhancements, including IoT integration, advanced control algorithms, and extended communication protocols.
Pranit V Patil (Sun,) studied this question.