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February 26, 2026Open Access

Trustless Agent Swarms: Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Private Multi-Agent Coordination on EVM

Key Points

To establish a framework for privacy-preserving coordination among autonomous AI agents on EVM-compatible blockchains.
Proposes Trustless Agent Swarms framework utilizing cryptographic primitives for coordination.
Integrates Groth16 zero-knowledge proofs, EIP-5564 stealth addresses, ERC-4337 account abstraction, and Semaphore.
Implements a reputation proof circuit with 586 constraints and deploys five smart contracts.
Achieves proof generation time of 580ms.
On-chain verification requires 407,576 gas.

Abstract

We propose Trustless Agent Swarms, a framework enabling privacy-preserving coordination among autonomous AI agents on EVM-compatible blockchains. Our system integrates four cryptographic primitives: (1) Groth16 zero-knowledge proofs for proving reputation thresholds without revealing scores; (2) EIP-5564 stealth addresses for unlinkable fund transfers; (3) ERC-4337 account abstraction for gasless autonomous execution; and (4) Semaphore for anonymous group signaling. We implement a 586-constraint reputation proof circuit and deploy five smart contracts on Base Sepolia. Proof generation: 580ms. On-chain verification: 407,576 gas.

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