Abstract: In October 2023, China celebrated the tenth anniversary of its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In its first decade, the BRI was criticized for its emphasis on brown energy investments. In response, Chinese leaders initiated a shift in their approach, incorporating environmental considerations into the BRI. The Middle East and North Africa region has been an important landscape for this recalibrated, greener BRI engagement. Our study takes a comparative look at China's green engagement in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt, China's three leading BRI partners in the region. In recent years, China has played a significant role in all three countries' efforts to develop renewable energy capacity. Our analysis shows that China's green engagement in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt has distinct characteristics based on the financial capabilities and energy policies of the host countries. Our research also suggests that China's green energy investments in these three countries are relatively modest compared to its brown energy investments.
Demir et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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