The Lagrangian code T3ST, combined with a novel decomposition of particle fluxes, is used to investigate the interplay between neoclassical and turbulent transport in tokamaks. It is found that ion neoclassical fluxes remain largely unaffected by turbulence, whereas turbulent fluxes are enhanced by collisions, even in the absence of self-consistent coupling. The synergic diffusion is approximately dependent on the product of individual neoclassical and turbulent diffusion. The influence of neoclassical equilibrium parameters on turbulent transport is also characterized.
Palade et al. (Sun,) studied this question.