What does this research mean for the field?

Male patients with superior physical and cognitive function, better sleep, favorable body mass index, and fewer illnesses experience lower levels of anxiety and depression. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to identify key risk factors for anxiety and depression among hospitalized patients.

March 2, 2026SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología1 citationsOpen Access

Analysis of factors influencing anxiety and depression disorders among hospitalized patients

NWNan WangSun Yat-sen University QTQiuyun TuSun Yat-sen University

Key Points

The study aims to identify key risk factors for anxiety and depression among hospitalized patients.
Conducted a cross-sectional study at a hospital's gerontology department.
Evaluated anxiety and depression using the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales.
Assessed cognitive function, sleep quality, frailty, and nutritional status using standardized questionnaires.
Applied multiple linear regression to identify associations between various factors and mental health outcomes.
Significant associations found between HAMD scores and factors like gender, body mass index, cognitive function, and nutrition risk.
HAM-A scores showed strong links with gender, cognitive function, sleep quality, and frailty.
Male patients with better physical and cognitive health exhibited fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Abstract

Background As globally prevalent mental health conditions, anxiety and depression impose significant socioeconomic burdens on healthcare systems. Key risk factors for anxiety and depression were determined in the current study by examining the associations across multiple domains. Methods Participants were enrolled for this cross-sectional study from the Department of Gerontology at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in 2023. Anxiety and depression were evaluated based on the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression (HAMD) Rating Scales, respectively. Cognitive function, sleep quality, frailty, and nutritional status were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the FRAIL scale, and the Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS)-2002, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results A total of 1121 participants (659 women and 462 men; mean age ± SD: 64.67 ± 10.86 years) were studied. HAMD scores were significantly associated with gender (β = 0.078, P = 0.017), body mass index (β = -0.096, P = 0.003), MoCA (β = -0.141, P 0.001), FRAIL score (β = 0.200, P 0.001), PSQI (β = 0.494, P 0.001), and NRS-2002 (β = 0.099, P = 0.004) after full adjustment. HAM-A scores exhibited significant and independent associations with gender (β = 0.155, P 0.001), illness (β = -0.098, P = 0.006), MoCA (β = -0.114, P = 0.001), PSQI (β = 0.435, P 0.001), and FRAIL score (β = 0.276, P 0.001). Conclusions Male patients with superior physical and cognitive function, better sleep, favorable body mass index and nutrition status, and fewer illnesses had better mood. Targeted interventions, including cognitive preservation, sleep optimization, frailty prevention, comorbidity management, and lifestyle modification, may be correlated with reduced symptom burden. Special consideration is warranted for elderly and female populations.

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