What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to redefine black holes and address the singularity problem by introducing the CPD framework.

March 2, 2026Open Access

The CPD Framework: A Geometrical Description of Black Holes and the Void Knot

Key Points

The aim is to redefine black holes and address the singularity problem by introducing the CPD framework.
Develop a geometrical model using the CPD framework.
Identify the fine-structure constant as a structural saturation point.
Analyze the implications of solar-mass collapse in this model.
Proposes black holes as stable bulk clogs of vacuum ice.
Establishes a finite-size inclusion that aligns with the Schwarzschild radius.
Provides a physical floor that prevents infinite collapse, addressing the black hole information paradox.

Abstract

Standard cosmology is haunted by the ”Singularity”—a mathematical ghostwhere density becomes infinite and physics ceases to function. The ConstrainedPackaging Dynamics (CPD) framework replaces this abstraction with a mechanicalreality: the Void Knot. We propose that Black Holes are not holes at all, but bulkclogs of ”Vacuum Ice” occurring at the lattice’s hardware limit. By identifying the1/137 Fine-Structure Constant as the structural saturation point of a Face-CenteredCubic (FCC) vacuum, we demonstrate that a solar-mass collapse results in a stable,finite-sized inclusion. This model aligns with the Schwarzschild radius (Rs) whileproviding a physical floor that prevents infinite collapse and resolves the black holeinformation paradox.

The CPD Framework: A Geometrical Description of Black Holes and the Void Knot

Key Points

Abstract

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