This paper examines American architect Simon Breines’s 1933 trip to the Soviet Union, analyzing his travel writings to reveal his ideological shift during this period. In 1932, Breines was aligned with scientific modernism as a member of the SSA led by R. Buckminster Fuller, but by 1934 he had shifted toward a Marxist perspective. This study positions his Soviet visit as a key experience in that transition, focusing in particular on how he came to understand the relationship between modernism and socialist realism.
Takahiko KANEMAKI (Sat,) studied this question.