Optimization of non-uniform heat source/sink in a viscoplastic nanofluid with thermal radiation: the case of Bingham-Papanastasiou rheological theory

Key Points

• Efficient heat transfer is achieved via optimized non-uniform heat sources, enhancing thermal performance.
• Key evidence shows significant improvement in thermal conductivity based on Bingham-Papanastasiou theory.
• Analysis focuses on the interaction of thermal radiation and viscoplastic nanofluids under varied conditions.
• This work may enable better design in thermal management systems, although further studies are needed to establish broader applicability.