Enhancing ecosystem service provision through the silvicultural management of European black pine stands from afforestation and reforestation in Italy

Key Points

• Ecosystem services improved significantly, particularly in carbon sequestration and biodiversity.
• A notable increase in ecosystem service provision by around 30% was observed over a ten-year period.
• Observational analysis focused on the silvicultural management of afforested and reforested black pine stands in Italy.
• Findings highlight the potential benefits of strategic management for both environmental health and timber production.