Bio-invasion and decadal changes in the trophic dynamics of a temporarily closed estuary: An Ecopath model from Veli-Akkulam Estuary, Kerala, India

Key Points

• Bio-invasion alters trophic dynamics significantly in the estuary, impacting species populations and interactions.
• The use of an Ecopath model indicates specific trophic level changes observed over a decade.
• Trophic dynamics assessment provides insights into ecosystem health and species relationships.
• Understanding these alterations highlights the effects of invasive species on local ecosystems and biodiversity.