Bioresource-derived Propolis wrapping for ZnO/TiO₂ nanocomposites: A sustainable photo-antibiotic material

Key Points

• The bioresource-derived propolis wrapping significantly improves the photo-antibiotic properties of ZnO/TiO₂ nanocomposites.
• Enhanced efficacy against bacteria is observed, with results indicating a notable reduction in bacterial growth rates.
• Evaluation through laboratory tests using various metrics highlights the sustainability of using natural materials.
• This approach supports eco-friendly alternatives, emphasizing the potential for widespread application in medical and agricultural fields.