New medium-scale breaching experiments have been conducted to study the breach evolution of homogenous sand dikes. These experiments took place in an indoor facility with a 200 m2 reservoir area allowing for testing frontal dikes up to 1-meter high. The dike is constructed using fine sand (d50 = 0.31 mm). The water inflow is continuously adjusted to maintain an almost constant water level in the upstream reservoir during breach formation replicating steady over-topping conditions. The close-range photogrammetry was used to monitor the breach evolution. It is shown that photogrammetry can generate accurate 3D models of the dike above water and is able to capture the water surface where the flow is turbulent and water aeriation creates a white foam providing enough texture to be captured by the photogrammetric processing. Besides the whole breaching process is briefly described by referring to key moments during experiments.
Ebrahimi et al. (Sun,) studied this question.