Manufacturing organizations worldwide encounter difficulties due to environmental policies and consumers heightened environmental awareness, in addition to the challenges posed by global competition. Hence, the integration of green-lean product development (GLPD) to enhance sustainable performance has emerged as a contemporary strategy for addressing product-related challenges. The literature primarily examines the factors that facilitate the implementation of lean or green concepts in product development (PD) from a theoretical perspective. However, few studies have discussed the critical success factors (CSFs) of GLPD and their interrelationships from a holistic perspective, integrating the advantages of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. This study aims to identify the CSFs that facilitate the effective implementation of GLPD in the I4.0 era and to comprehensively discern the interrelationships and hierarchies among these elements. Based on a literature review and expert opinion, this study identified 19 CSFs for GLPD. Utilizing the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method, a nine-level structural model was developed to depict the hierarchical structure and influence mechanism among these CSFs. The application of cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis resulted in the identification of four categories of CSFs. The results indicate that “Senior management commitment” dominates the successful practice of GLPD in the I4.0 era. The findings of the research provide a solid theoretical foundation for scholars to explore the integration of lean, green, and I4.0 in PD from a systematic perspective. The research model offers a strategic roadmap for the effective implementation of GLPD, thereby accelerating the organizational transition toward Industry 5.0 (I5.0).
Hou et al. (Tue,) studied this question.