Lithium-ion batteries recycling: Review of reactor and process design, scalability, cost, and environmental performance

Key Points

• Environmental performance of lithium-ion battery recycling methods varies significantly across processes.
• Cost analysis reveals that recycling can be economically viable but relies on process efficiency and market conditions.
• Scalability of current recycling processes presents challenges that may hinder widespread adoption in the industry.
• Innovative reactor designs are necessary to improve the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of recycling lithium-ion batteries.