March 3, 2026Open Access

Testing the Association of Supermassive Black Hole Infrared Flares and High-energy Neutrinos

Key Points

No significant coincidences found between accretion flares and high-energy neutrinos, indicating possible misinterpretation of previous data.
Only one spatial match was detected, consistent with random chance, giving insight into cosmic neutrino origins.
Analysis involved NEOWISE survey data of flares paired with the IceCat-1 neutrino alert catalog, pushing boundaries of current understanding.
Findings challenge existing theories of particle acceleration from supermassive black holes and highlight the need for future investigations.

Abstract

Abstract The physical origin of the observed cosmic neutrinos remains an open question and the subject of active research. While matter accretion onto supermassive black holes is long thought to accelerate particles to high energies, it has recently been suggested that tidal disruption events, and accretion flares in general, with prominent IR echoes can account for a fraction of the diffuse high-energy neutrino signal. Motivated by this result, we compile a sample of nearby accretion flares detected in the NEOWISE survey featuring strong IR echoes, and we cross-match it with the latest catalog of neutrino alerts, IceCat-1. We recover only a single spatial coincidence between the two catalogs, consistent with a chance coincidence. We find no temporal and spatial coincidences between the two samples, which, given the properties of our sample, appears to challenge previous conclusions. We discuss the physical implications of our results and potential future explorations.

Testing the Association of Supermassive Black Hole Infrared Flares and High-energy Neutrinos

Key Points

Abstract

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