High-performance electrochemical sensor based on a biomass-derived carbon@ZnO hybrid for trace-level detection of pharmaceutical in environmental, biological, and food samples

Key Points

• Trace-level detection of pharmaceuticals achieved using an electrochemical sensor made from biomass-derived carbon and zinc oxide.
• The sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, detecting pharmaceuticals at extremely low concentrations in diverse samples.
• Analysis of the sensor's performance reveals improved detection limits compared to conventional methods, ensuring more reliable results.
• This tool may enable better tracking of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment, food, and biological samples.