Nitrogen removal performance responses to substrate concentration gradients in a vertical flow screening internal circulation bioreactor

Key Points

• Nitrogen removal efficiency increases significantly with substrate concentration gradient changes.
• The study shows that higher substrate concentrations lead to better biochemical performance and nitrogen removal rates in bioreactors.
• Observational analysis in a vertical flow internal circulation bioreactor explored substrate gradient effects on performance.
• This highlights the importance of substrate levels for optimizing nitrogen removal, indicating broader applications for wastewater treatment.