Characterization of drug resistance mutations in people living with HIV with low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy in Chongqing, China

Key Points

• Low-level viremia in HIV-positive individuals is associated with significant drug resistance mutations, highlighting treatment challenges.
• The prevalence of drug resistance mutations predominantly targets non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), posing risks for treatment success.
• A combined RNA and DNA genotyping strategy enhances the sensitivity of drug mutation detection in patients with low viral loads.
• Results emphasize the need for effective resistance surveillance approaches in resource-limited settings to aid clinical management.