Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in water represents a major global environmental challenge. To enhance the efficacy of phytoremediation technology in wastewater treatment, we developed a micro-electric field-assisted constructed wetland system using Zizania latifolia . We systematically investigated the enhancement mechanisms of micro-electric field on phytoremediation of aquatic nitrogen and phosphorus by analyzing growth traits, nitrogen and phosphorus content, physiological indicators, and transcriptomic data. The results showed that micro-electric field treatment significantly promoted the growth of Zizania latifolia , plant height, leaf area, above-ground biomass, and root biomass significantly increased by 22.44%, 41.6%, 50.88%, and 32.66%, respectively. The micro-electric field significantly enhanced plant nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, increasing stem and root total nitrogen by 119.71% and 85.06%, respectively, and leaf total phosphorus by 44.12%. In addition, photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of leaf were also significantly enhanced. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of pathways related to nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, with multiple genes within these pathways showing marked up-regulation. These findings establish a theoretical foundation and a promising strategy for micro-electric field-enhanced phytoremediation of eutrophic waters. • EF-CW using Zizania latifolia was developed for wastewater treatment. • EF markedly improved the removal and accumulation of N and P in plant tissues. • EF significantly enhanced plant growth and biomass accumulation • Up-regulation of key genes in N metabolism, photosynthesis, and ROS pathways.
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