The distribution of organophosphate esters in common seafoods from southeast China and its exposure risk assessment

This study investigated the distribution of 15 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in common seafood samples (marine fishes and bivalves) collected from four coastal cities (Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou, and Zhoushan) in southeast China, and assessed the associated human exposure risks. The results showed that 9 OPEs were detected, with total concentrations (ΣOPEs) ranging from 4.04 to 257.08 μg/kg wet weight (ww), with mean value of 51.79 μg/kg ww. Chlorinated OPEs (TCEP, TCiPP, TDCiPP) and alkyl-OPEs (TMP, TEP, TEHP) were the dominant components, with TCEP showing a 100% detection rate. ΣOPE mean concentrations varied among species, with razor clams (88.1 μg/kg ww) and turbot (66.53 μg/kg ww) exhibiting higher levels. Chlorinated OPEs (TCEP, TCiPP, and TDCiPP) levels in bivalve samples were significantly higher than those in fish samples ( p <0.05). Spatially, Wenzhou had the highest average ΣOPEs (135.03 μg/kg ww). TBOEP and TDCIPP showed a strong positive correlation ( r = 0.66, p < 0.01). Correlation and clustering analyses indicated shared sources and species-specific bioaccumulation patterns. Risk assessment revealed that the hazard index (HI) for most OPEs was below 1, which indicated low potential health risks. • Nine OPEs were detected in seafoods from Southeast China • The dominant OPEs were TCEP, TCiPP, TMP, and TEP • High levels of total OPEs were found in razor clams and turbot • TBOEP and TDCIPP showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.66, p < 0.01)