To address the emerging converter-driven stability challenges in Finland's increasingly inverter-based power system, Fingrid has developed an ESCR benchmark model for EMT simulations. This model enables evaluation of IBR technologies under weak grid conditions without the confidentiality constraints of wide area EMT models. By replicating multiple instances of the same IBR in a meshed network, the ESCR benchmark model captures dynamic interactions and allows tuning to specific ESCR values. Simulation results demonstrate that the benchmark model effectively reproduces phenomena observed in wide area EMT studies, including converter driven voltage oscillations and fault ride-through issues. Technologies optimized for weak grid conditions, particularly those compliant with VJV2024 grid code requirements, show improved stability performance. The benchmark model is integrated into Fingrid's grid connection process at two stages, supporting early validation of technology suitability and later verification of plant-level control stability. While not a full replacement for wide area EMT simulations, the ESCR benchmark model provides a practical approach for assessing IBR performance, contributing to secure and stable integration of renewable energy into the Finnish grid.
Janhunen et al. (Sun,) studied this question.