Science cities, as specialised scientific production complexes, were a unique phenomenon of Soviet urban planning, formed in the 1950s-1980s. These settlements were planned to provide optimal conditions for the work of scientific institutions and comfortable living for their employees. One of the vivid examples of such formation was the science town Piatykhatky in Kharkiv, created to maintain the functioning of the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology. The aim of this article was to examine the architectural and urban planning evolution of the Piatykhatky science city in Kharkiv, identifying stage-based development and analysing unique and standardised features at both urban and building scales. The results of the study demonstrated that the Piatykhatky area exhibited the key characteristics of a classic science city: a satellite location, a closed structure, individual master planning, a high level of landscaping, and a balanced combination of residential, industrial, and recreational infrastructure. These features emphasised the scientific and state priorities underlying its design. However, the architectural component of the area reflected the characteristic features of mass construction of the era, expressed in the use of standard projects for residential and public buildings. This combination of unique urban status and typical buildings formed contrast, demonstrating a pragmatic approach to architectural solutions in the context of limited resources. Of particular interest was the study of the functional and spatial complex of Piatykhatky, encompassing social, educational, sports, and transport elements, as well as its potential as a cultural heritage site. This research highlighted the necessity of modernising outdated infrastructure, while preserving valuable spatial and compositional solutions that continue to serve elements of the urban environment
Didenko et al. (Thu,) studied this question.