Abstract: Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are among the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions, ranging from mild skin eruptions to life-threatening conditions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Identifying the causative drugs and understanding their clinical patterns are crucial for effective prevention and management. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CADRs and identify the most commonly implicated medications in a tertiary care center in Odisha. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in the Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care center over 18 months (July 2023–December 2024). A total of 94 patients with clinically diagnosed CADRs were included. Detailed medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations were performed. The Naranjo Algorithm Scale was used to assess the causality of suspected drugs. Data were analyzed to determine the frequency, severity, and causative drug classes associated with CADRs. Results: Among the 94 patients, the highest incidence was observed in the 21–30-year age group. Fixed drug eruption was the most common CADR (40.42%), followed by SJS (18.1%) and maculopapular drug eruption (10.6%). Severe cutaneous adverse reactions were noted in 31.91% of cases. Fluoroquinolones in the antimicrobial (55.31%) group were the leading causative drugs, followed by Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (12.76%) and anticonvulsants (5.31%). Conclusion: Antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones, were the most frequently implicated drugs in CADRs. Strengthening pharmacovigilance, promoting rational drug use, and ensuring early detection and management of severe reactions are essential to reducing morbidity and improving patient safety.
Bajoria et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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