Abstract Cosmic simultaneity is the proposal that we can reconcile absolute simultaneity with relativity by means of the cosmic time function definable in certain cosmological models. In this paper, I add a new criticism to the debate on cosmic simultaneity: once the relevant notion of absoluteness is clarified, a seemingly appealing approach to cosmic simultaneity, the metaphysical approach, proves to be inconsistent. My overall argument proceeds as follows. First, I argue for what I call the Causal Connection Condition (CCC): the fact that two events stand in a certain temporal relation is absolute only if it obtains independently of the occurrence of any causally disconnected event. I then show that, according to metaphysical cosmic simultaneity, whether two events are cosmically simultaneous depends on causally disconnected events. I conclude that metaphysical cosmic simultaneity is inconsistent.
Federico Viglione (Mon,) studied this question.