Food security and drought resilience are critical issues in rural Nigerien villages, where climate variability exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they met specific criteria related to programme design, implementation, and evaluation within rural Nigerien villages. Findings indicate that while many programmes aimed at increasing crop diversity and improving water management systems saw positive initial signs of improvement in food security metrics (e. g. , a 20% increase in maize yields), sustained long-term effects were less consistent across different villages. Despite some successes, the variability in programme outcomes suggests that tailored interventions are necessary to address local specificities and ensure sustainable drought resilience. Future studies should focus on evaluating the long-term impacts of implemented programmes and explore community engagement strategies to enhance sustainability. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
MBarek et al. (Sun,) studied this question.