PEEK Implants for Cranioplasty: A Mapping Review of 3D Printing, Surface Functionalisation, and Clinical Performance Gaps

Key Points

• To identify and evaluate gaps in clinical performance and technologies like 3D printing and surface functionalization for PEEK implants used in cranioplasty.
• Conducted a mapping review of existing literature on PEEK implants for cranioplasty.
• Reviewed studies focusing on 3D printing techniques and surface treatments.
• Analyzed intra-and postoperative complications, particularly infections and outcomes associated with autologous grafts.
• Identified significant complications related to infection as a primary cause of implant failure.
• Noted that autologous bone grafts can fail in up to 50% of cases.
• Highlighted the need for improved surface functionalization and biocompatibility in PEEK implants.