Genetic variability among guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) provenances to support breeding strategies

Guarana, an economically valuable species due to its high caffeine content, requires phenotypic evaluation of genetic resources to identify promising accessions. This study assessed variability among 21 guarana genotypes from southern Bahia, Brazil, analyzing 12 fruit/seed traits (e.g., mass, dimensions, water content) and qualitative descriptors (fruit shape/surface). Positive correlations (e.g., fruit mass with seed traits) suggest efficient selection criteria. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups, confirming variability between provenances. Qualitative traits differed significantly (p<0.05) between clusters. High heritability estimates for most traits indicate strong potential for genetic gain through selection. The results demonstrate that fruit/seed characteristics effectively assess genetic divergence, providing critical data for breeding programs of this high-value crop.