Off-grid community systems in South Africa are increasingly used for agricultural productivity improvements. These systems often face methodological challenges in evaluating their efficacy. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across relevant databases. Studies were selected based on specific criteria related to methodology, sample size, and context in South Africa. A meta-analytic approach using DID models was applied to aggregate findings from multiple studies. The analysis revealed a significant increase (p < 0. 05) in adoption rates among communities utilising the off-grid systems when compared to control groups, suggesting robust implementation success. This review underscores the effectiveness of DID models in evaluating off-grid community system impacts and highlights their utility for policy makers seeking evidence-based interventions. Policy makers should adopt the DID model to accurately measure adoption rates and long-term benefits of off-grid systems, thereby facilitating more effective resource allocation. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Mphunzana Nkosi (Thu,) studied this question.