Eff ect of liquid-sheet jet fl ow velocity on lithium detection sensitivity in aqueous solutions via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy This work demonstrates a liquid-sheet jet LIBS method to enhance in-situ detection sensitivity of Li in aqueous solutions by optimizing jet fl ow velocity.High-speed imaging and spectroscopic analysis reveal a 12.47 m/s fl ow maximizes plasma lifetime, electron density and excitation temperature, yielding a Li LOD of 0.15 mg/L -suitable for pressurized water reactor coolant monitoring-without sampling or pre-treatment.The approach improves signal stability and SNR, is applicable to other elements, and suggests paths for further sensitivity gains in nuclear and industrial liquid monitoring.
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