Energy systems that rely on solar and wind turbines (WT) are among the most economical and environmentally friendly power sources. The hybrid renewable energy system combines at least two renewable power sources such as WT and solar panels with other sources like fuel cells or ocean energy. A nanogrid represents an efficient and sustainable solution for providing energy in desert and rural areas as it combines solar and wind sources to ensure a stable supply. With its hybrid configuration, it reduces dependence on fossil fuels, making it more economical and environmentally viable, especially in remote locations. This study aims to optimally size an isolated hybrid nanogrid system supplying a household in Biskra Oasis, Algeria. The system includes photovoltaic panels (PV), WT, battery storage, and a diesel generator (DG). The methodology is based on the application of the Symbiotic Organisms Search algorithm. It is used for the first time in this context and compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization method. The objective is to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and excess energy sent to the dummy load (DummyEXC) while maintaining a low loss of power supply probability (LPSP). Three hybrid configurations are assessed: PV/WT/battery/DG, WT/battery/DG, and PV/battery/DG. The results indicate that the PV/WT/battery/DG configuration provides the best performance, achieving an LCOE of 0. 1139 /kWh, a net present cost of 39 930. 19, and an LPSP of 0. 0201. This confirms its suitability and reliability for rural electrification.
Bacha et al. (Sun,) studied this question.