What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to outline effective treatment regimens for severe dry eye disease, focusing on immunomodulation.

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March 16, 2026Open Access

Immunomodulation of the Ocular Surface in Severe Dry Eye Disease: Expert-Driven Literature Review on Treatment Strategies with Description of Representative Challenging Cases

Key Points

The aim is to outline effective treatment regimens for severe dry eye disease, focusing on immunomodulation.
Literature review of treatment strategies for dry eye disease.
Analysis of stepwise treatment regimens, including corticosteroids and csA.
Discussion of adjunctive therapies for meibomian gland and ocular surface support.
Initial corticosteroid treatment stabilizes the ocular surface.
Sustained use of csA is central to long-term management.
Successful adjunctive therapies improve overall ocular function and quality of life.

Abstract

Autoimmune-related DED requires a stepwise treatment regimen for the stabilization of the ocular surface and the prevention of irreversible damage. This approach involves an initial short course of corticosteroids, followed by sustained immunomodulation (with CsA as the cornerstone), and supplemented by adjunctive therapies targeting meibomian glands and ocular surface epithelium. Multidisciplinary coordination and regular monitoring are essential for maintaining long-term ocular surface homeostasis and satisfactory quality of life and visual function.

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Cite This Study

Giannaccare et al. (Fri,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b79da78166e15b153aaedd https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-026-01348-7

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